Peptide Lab HQ Research Guide
MOTS-c
A research-focused compound profile covering MOTS-c identity, mitochondrial-derived peptide research, metabolic signaling, AMPK pathway context, exercise-response models, concentration reference, reconstitution reference, and safety considerations.
Compound Data
Compound Profile
| Compound Name | MOTS-c |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA Type-c |
| Compound Type | Mitochondrial-derived peptide / metabolic signaling research peptide |
| CAS Number | 1627580-64-6 |
| PubChem CID | 146675088 |
| Amino Acid Length | 16 amino acids |
| Amino Acid Sequence | Met-Arg-Trp-Gln-Glu-Met-Gly-Tyr-Ile-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg |
| Short Sequence | MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR |
| Molecular Formula | C₁₀₁H₁₅₂N₂₈O₂₂S₂ |
| Molecular Weight | Approximately 2174.6 g/mol |
| Research Category | Mitochondrial signaling, AMPK pathway, metabolic flexibility, skeletal muscle metabolism, insulin sensitivity, exercise-response, and aging research |
| Appearance | White to off-white lyophilized powder |
| Use | For laboratory research use only. |
Research Applications
Key Research Applications
MOTS-c is commonly discussed in controlled research models involving mitochondrial-derived peptide signaling, skeletal muscle metabolism, AMPK pathway context, metabolic flexibility, glucose regulation, insulin-sensitivity models, exercise-response pathways, and age-related physical-performance research.
Mitochondrial Signaling Research
MOTS-c is studied as a mitochondrial-derived peptide involved in communication between mitochondrial and nuclear pathways related to metabolic regulation.
AMPK Pathway Context
Research commonly discusses MOTS-c in relation to AMPK-associated signaling, cellular energy sensing, and adaptive metabolic response pathways.
Skeletal Muscle Metabolism
MOTS-c has been evaluated in skeletal muscle research involving glucose metabolism, metabolic stress adaptation, exercise response, and mitochondrial function.
Insulin-Sensitivity Models
MOTS-c appears in preclinical models involving insulin resistance, diet-induced metabolic stress, glucose handling, and metabolic-homeostasis research.
Exercise-Response Research
Human and animal research has explored MOTS-c as an exercise-responsive mitochondrial peptide connected to physical-performance and adaptation markers.
Aging & Physical Capacity Models
MOTS-c is commonly discussed in age-related research involving metabolic flexibility, physical capacity, muscle function, and healthspan-associated markers.
Research Scope
These applications are provided for educational and research-reference purposes only. Research outcomes may vary based on model type, route, peptide purity, concentration, timing, metabolic status, and laboratory conditions.
Reference Only
Reconstitution / Research Dosing Reference
Select Reference Vial
Select a vial size to update the concentration, U-100 unit references, and frequency table below.
Quick Reference Summary
| Reference Vial | 10 mg MOTS-c |
|---|---|
| Primary Solution Volume | 2.0 mL bacteriostatic water |
| Primary Concentration | 5 mg/mL |
| Measurement Reference | On a U-100 syringe, 1 unit = 0.01 mL. |
| Amount per U-100 Unit | At 5 mg/mL, 1 unit equals 0.05 mg / 50 mcg MOTS-c. |
| Storage Reference | Refrigerate at 2–8°C / 35.6–46.4°F after reconstitution, protected from direct light. |
Reconstitution Steps
- Draw 2.0 mL bacteriostatic water using a sterile syringe for the main concentration reference shown below.
- Slowly add the BAC water down the side of the vial wall.
- Gently roll or swirl the vial until the material is completely dissolved. The solution should appear clear. Do not shake!
- Label with compound name, vial amount, concentration, solvent volume, preparation date, storage conditions, and handling notes.
- Store refrigerated at 2–8°C / 35.6–46.4°F, protected from direct light.
Published Research Context
| Reference Type | Reported Amount / Context | Research Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Compound Identity Reference | MOTS-c, mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c | MOTS-c is commonly described as a 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded from the 12S rRNA region of the mitochondrial genome. |
| Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide Research | Model-dependent concentration and endpoint tracking | Commonly discussed in mitochondrial-derived peptide, cellular stress-response, mitochondrial signaling, and metabolic-regulation research contexts. |
| Metabolic Homeostasis Research | AMPK / mTOR and metabolic-marker context | MOTS-c has been discussed in research involving AMPK signaling, mTOR pathway context, insulin sensitivity, glucose handling, and energy-metabolism endpoints. |
| Skeletal Muscle / Exercise-Response Research | Exercise-response and muscle-metabolism context | Commonly discussed in skeletal-muscle, exercise-response, mitochondrial adaptation, metabolic flexibility, and stress-resilience research models. |
| Aging / Cellular-Stress Research | Experimental and model-dependent context | MOTS-c is often discussed in age-associated metabolic shift, mitochondrial function, oxidative-stress-marker, inflammatory-marker, and cellular-resilience research contexts. |
| Public Protocol-Style Reference | Milligram-range reference examples | Public protocol-style references commonly describe MOTS-c in milligram-range examples. These are not clinical dosing standards. |
| Clinical / Research-Chemical Status | No universal research-chemical protocol established | Published study references, public protocol-style references, wellness protocols, or public dosing pages should not be treated as dosing instructions for research-chemical vial formats. |
Concentration Reference
| Vial Amount | Solution Volume | Final Concentration |
|---|---|---|
| 10 mg | 2.0 mL | 5 mg/mL |
| 15 mg | 3.0 mL | 5 mg/mL |
| 20 mg | 3.0 mL | 6.67 mg/mL |
| 40 mg | 3.0 mL | 13.33 mg/mL |
Research Dosing Amount / Volume Reference
| Reference Amount | Volume at 5 mg/mL | U-100 Unit Reference | Approx. References per 10 mg Vial |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.5 mg / 500 mcg | 0.10 mL | 10 units | 20 |
| 1 mg / 1000 mcg | 0.20 mL | 20 units | 10 |
| 2 mg / 2000 mcg | 0.40 mL | 40 units | 5 |
| 5 mg / 5000 mcg | 1.00 mL | 100 units | 2 |
| 10 mg / 10000 mcg | 2.00 mL | 200 units | 1 |
| 15 mg / 15000 mcg | 3.00 mL | 300 units | 0.7 |
| 20 mg / 20000 mcg | 4.00 mL | 400 units | 0.5 |
| 40 mg / 40000 mcg | 8.00 mL | 800 units | 0.3 |
Research Frequency / Amount Reference
| Research Window | Frequency | Reference Amount | Units / Volume Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lower Conversion Reference | Calculation reference only | 0.5 mg reference amount | 10 units / 0.10 mL |
| Low-to-Mid Conversion Reference | Public protocol-style reference, not a clinical dosing standard | 1 mg reference amount | 20 units / 0.20 mL |
| Mid-Range Conversion Example | Public protocol-style reference, not a clinical dosing standard | 2 mg reference amount | 40 units / 0.40 mL |
| Upper Conversion Example | Calculation reference only | 5 mg reference amount | 100 units / 1.00 mL |
| 10 mg Preparation Reference | Preparation-level calculation reference | 10 mg reference amount | 200 units / 2.00 mL |
| 15 mg Preparation Reference | Preparation-level calculation reference | 15 mg reference amount | 300 units / 3.00 mL |
| 20 mg Preparation Reference | Preparation-level calculation reference | 20 mg reference amount | 400 units / 4.00 mL |
| 40 mg Preparation Reference | Preparation-level calculation reference | 40 mg reference amount | 800 units / 8.00 mL |
Common Research Windows
| Reference Window | Common Length | Research Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Cell-Culture / Metabolic Marker Window | 24–72 hours | May be used for AMPK signaling, mTOR pathway context, mitochondrial-stress markers, cellular-response, or metabolic-pathway documentation depending on the model. |
| Acute Observation Window | Single session to several days | Used for short-term metabolic-marker comparison, stress-response observation, mitochondrial signaling, or early pathway tracking depending on the research design. |
| Short Research Window | 1–2 weeks | May be used for early controlled observation involving insulin-sensitivity markers, glucose-handling markers, skeletal-muscle response, or mitochondrial-adaptation endpoints. |
| Standard Protocol-Style Window | 2–4 weeks | Commonly used in public protocol-style references for structured observation and comparison across baseline and follow-up periods. |
| Extended Observation Window | 4–8 weeks | Used when longer documentation is needed for mitochondrial-function trends, metabolic-flexibility markers, age-associated metabolic context, or follow-up marker tracking. |
| Follow-Up / Washout | 1–4 weeks | Used to document post-study observations, marker return, delayed response patterns, or follow-up data depending on the research model. |
Research Note: These tables are provided for educational, research-planning, concentration, frequency-reference, and volume-reference purposes only. MOTS-c is commonly discussed in mitochondrial-derived peptide, metabolic homeostasis, insulin-sensitivity, glucose-handling, AMPK/mTOR, skeletal-muscle, exercise-response, mitochondrial-stress, and cellular-resilience research contexts. The selector above updates calculations for 10 mg reconstituted with 2.0 mL bacteriostatic water, and 15 mg, 20 mg, and 40 mg vial references reconstituted with 3.0 mL bacteriostatic water. Published study references and public protocol-style frequency references are not universal research-chemical dosing standards and should not be treated as dosing instructions for research-chemical vial formats. This information is not medical advice, dosing instruction, injectable-use guidance, or a recommendation for human or animal use.
Research Notes
Research Findings & Safety Notes
Research Findings
MOTS-c is commonly discussed in research involving mitochondrial signaling, AMPK pathway context, skeletal muscle metabolism, glucose regulation, insulin-sensitivity models, exercise response, and age-related physical-capacity markers.
Study Limitations
MOTS-c research is heavily based on animal models, cell studies, biomarker studies, and early translational research. Findings should be interpreted according to model type, route, timing, metabolic status, and study design.
Safety Considerations
Research discussion should account for experimental status, immune-response uncertainty, route-specific risk, metabolic-marker monitoring, peptide purity, sterility documentation, and qualified laboratory handling procedures.
Use Restriction
Not for human or animal consumption. Not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease when discussed as a research-use material.
Related Supplies
Research Supplies
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Bacteriostatic Water
Commonly referenced in laboratory preparation workflows.
Research Syringes
Supply category for controlled laboratory research preparation.
Prep Supplies
Supporting supplies for clean handling, preparation, and documentation.
Lab Handling
Handling & Storage
Storage
Store materials according to product-specific requirements. Protect from excessive heat, moisture, and direct light.
After Reconstitution
Keep refrigerated after reconstitution unless otherwise specified by the product documentation.
Handling
Use appropriate laboratory PPE, clean handling practices, and qualified research procedures.
Documentation
Maintain batch details, COA records, preparation notes, and internal research documentation.